Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation. The washing of crude oil with water in order to remove materials such as dirt, silt, and watersoluble minerals explanation of crude desalting. The equipment used for the removal of salts, suspended solids and water soluble trace metalsslits, iron oxides, sand etc. Feb 12, 2015 processing crude with 10 api posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Use ac and dc fields to remove salt and water from crude oil.
The reason for such a complex set of processes is the difference between the crude oil properties and the needs of the market. Crude oil desalting using hydrocyclones pdf free download. A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. May 27, 2010 the aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network ann controller trained on a historical data set that covers a wide operating range of the fundamental parameters that affect the demulsifier dosage in a crude oil desalting process. Baker hughes comprehensive crude oil management approach.
Introduction when the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. The saltsmay be present in crude oil in amounts ranging from a few pounds to over lb. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels can be as high as 2000. Bmasystem desalter interface control application sheet.
Crude oil desalting principles of crude oil desalting desalting is an integral part of refinery crude oil processing and can be the key to controlling pipestill corrosion, heat exchanger fouling, furnace tube coking, and process water disposal. Further salts are detrimental for catalysts in the downstream conversion processes. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining of a refinery. Desalting of crude oil and by reducing the formation of corrosive hcl. Our main aim in this paper is to examine in details crude oil treatment, which involves dehydration and desalting in order to unearth and seize.
Desalting of heavy crude oil by using centrifugal technology. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels ptb can be as high as 2000. Desalting plant parameters 1 a common w crude oil emulsion may contain up to 25% water cut. Crude oil management desalting chemicals emulsion breaking corrosion control. Jun, 2008 desalting crude oils posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas.
The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. The natco electrodynamic desalter technology uses the extremely efficient hiflo spreader to evenly distribute the incoming wet crude and create a uniform vertical flow upward through the treater. This salt needs to be removed so that the crude oil can be. Crude oil salinity is often expressed as ptb pounds of salt per bbls of crude oil. Crude oil treatments training course petroknowledge. The designed controller was tested and implemented on. The transportation of these crude oils through pipe lines has led to erosiveand corrosive effects, which are a tremendous cost to the petroleum industry. We also manufacture pig trap skids, in accordance with asme b. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil. Lecture 02a desalting sodium chloride petroleum free. Desalting crude oils refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Crude oil is heated in the crude oil heat exchanger to reduce the crude oil viscosity.
Here, the high gforces of centrifuges ensure the highest separation efficiency and help to reduce amount of chemicals and improve the separation. The crude oil and the water are run through a mix valve which brings the salts in contact with the water droplets. Pdf desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. Aug 07, 20 crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. By reading this presentation, the reader agrees not to disclose any information contained in the presentation without the prio. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical additives financial benefits. Experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and dehydration article pdf available in chemical engineering communications 1901. Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing the heat transfer efficiency. Crude oil that comes in contact with water carries some residual water. The volume of a crude oil in its reservoir rock differs from the volume it occupies in the surface.
Crude oil desalting introduction poor desalting has the following effects. Baker hughes can help you overcome these concerns with our comprehensive crude oil management approach, which includes a suite of tools and technologies that provide the best feedstock preparation and desalting performance possible to maximize your pro. Crude oil desalting desalting of crude oil refinery. Big strike lead french oil refining basicly paralyzed.
Physical and chemical properties of crude oils and their. Proactively gaining insight into the processing challenges of crude blends allows you to confidently increase your. From crude oil how oil refining works howstuffworks. Petroleum downstream crash course 6 desalting youtube. This method eliminates grid bypass and local recirculation areas. Desalting of crude oil to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling in crude heaters and towers, and to prevent the poisoning of catalysts in downstream units, these contaminants are removed by a process called desalting.
This course provides participants with knowledge necessary to understand that the desalting operation is one. How to crude oil desalter process in refinnerypetroleum a desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. In the upstream oil sector and in parallel with crude oil treatment installations, we design and manufacture installations for the transfer and distribution of crude oil. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. I have used carry over tab in separator option for separation of crude oil and water also. However, many other contaminants such as clay, silt, rust, and other debris also need to be removed. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration. Juan pereira is grateful to the projects 201003 cdchuc and peii20121184 peifonacit for funding. Understanding the process of crude oil desalting desalters.
View test prep crude oil dehydration and desalting. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. The two most typical methods of crude oil desalting chemical and electrostatic separation use hot water to dissolve the salts and collect suspended solids. Typical desalting efficiencies range from 90 95% for singlestage desalting, with dehydration efficiencies ranging from 95 98% problem. The dewatering and desalting of crude oil becomes more difficult when we talk about heavy crude oil from api 19 and higher densities. Oil desalting systems provide protection to capital intensive processing equipment by removing the salt component from crude oil. Crude oil desalting system modelling in hysys posted in chemical process simulation.
Salt in crude oil also causes reduction in heat transfer rates in heat exchangers and furnaces. The purpose of desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to. These contaminants need to be removed to refine the oil into a finished product. Salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons in catalytic cracking units. Crude oil desalter encyclopedia article citizendium.
Three highiron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. Our crude oil treatment technologies include multiphase separation systems, dehydration and desalting electrostatic treaters, and distillate treaters. Dear sir, i have got light crude oil two stage desalting system with wash water addition in desalter. Processing crude with 10 api refining, hydrocarbons, oil. Bilectric hf highfrequency ac desalter schlumberger. Four deferric agents were synthesized for the testing. We use these technologiesperfected over many decadesto provide solutions ranging from singlestage product applications to complete oil treatments to ensure your oil is costeffectively. Desalting of crude oil will eliminate or minimize problems resulting from the presence of mineral salts in crude oil. Dear all, have you come across any refinery processing crude with 10 api crude say blend of crude or single crude like boscan or patoz whose api is around 10. The salt content in the crude oil varies depending on source of the crude oil. An increase of one part per million ppm of water and brine reduces the cost of crude oil by approximately 0. The purpose of crude oil desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation the salt content in the crude oil varies depending on. Deferric agents te3 and te4 of the polyamine carboxylate types had a better.
When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly. The salt can lead to fouling and corrosion of heat exchangers and distillation overhead systems. The range of pour points of crude oil varies greatly from 70. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content. A surfactant will reduce the surface tension between two fluids. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Study on the deferrization and desalting for crude oils. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil.
The crude oil is preheated to decrease its viscosity for easy separate water from crud and hence easy desalt. The fractions recovered from the atmospheric distillation tower include naphtha, kerosene, diesel and bottoms liquid called atmospheric resid. Crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind of water droplets dispersed in a continuous phase of oil. Crude oil desalting is accomplished in two fundamental steps. Water content in crude oil is monitored using astm d4347 and astm d4928. In other words, one would consider the main function of the desalter is to remove salts soluble in water from the crude oil. Crude oil desalting emulsion sodium chloride free 30. There are many significant variables to control in the crude oil production process. Some of the reasons why crude oil desalting is necessary are. After separation by gravity settling, crude oil can be desalted by following the steps. Electrical desalter is the typical method of crude oil desalting 2. Salts, which normally occur in the form of brine suspended in the crude, promote corrosion, fouling, and coking. When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil.
Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality on. This creates unnecessary wear on the column and a potential safety issue. While doing so, our heat exchangers deliver continuous uptime and extend equipment lifetime to the crude oil refiners. Some of the material in the lecture slides is adapted from several textbooks and electronic resources dehydration and desalting of crude oil lecturer 4 emulsion treatment and dehydration of crude oil the fluid produced at the wellhead consists usually of gas, oil, free water and emulsified water wateroil emulsion. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical. Crude desalting breaking the crude oilwater emulsion important to minimize downstream problems performance of additives may be crude specific 12 picture from. Use of this technology has allowed refiners to increase the proportion of high calcium naphthenate crude.
Typically, older crude oil dehydration and desalting treaters use actype electrostatic technology, which is less effective in treating crude oils with high water cuts. Modeling and optimization of desalting process in oil industry. This petroknowledge training course provides a detailed understanding of theories and technologies involved in crude oil treatment, petroleum crude formation, production, phase separation process, emulsion theory formation, crude oil desalting, stabilization and the mechanism through the technology to destabilize and separate water from oil in addition to crude oil storage and loading facilities. To remove the salts, wash water is added mixed under turbulence to the crude in the incoming crude feed line. Crude desalting article about crude desalting by the free. Desalting of crude oil is necessary due to the relationship between the price of exported crude oil and its quality. Designing and testing a chemical demulsifier dosage. Roll over orange arrows for additional information. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process hardware. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl.
Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting. Larry kremer, baker petrolite crude oil quality group may 29, 2003 this presentation contains the proprietary information of baker petrolite corporation. How to crude oil desalting process in refinnerypetroleum. Water oil separation crude dehydration the actual removal of salt takes place well ahead of the vessel that bears the name desalter although there is some potential for secondary mixing desalting in. The history of crude oil desaltingdehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the. Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting are chemical. Wang institute of pressure vessel and process equipment, east china university of science and technology, shanghai, pr china. A desalting system such as the one shown schematically in fig. Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil was. Crude oil desalting system modelling in hysys chemical. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting. By juan pereira, ingrid velasquez, ronald blanco, meraldo sanchez, cesar pernalete and carlos canelon.
Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. These maximize feed water preheating while effectively cooling effluent water. For the following reasons, it is of utmost importance to reduce the amount of salt in the crude before processing the crude in the crude distillation unit and consequently. Application technical document industrial analysis. Lecture 4dehydration and desalting of crude oilofp1.
During the desalting process, the challenge is to overcome the existence of an emulsion layer at the interface between oil and water. The success of the above actions in preventing corrosion, can only be effective, by application of online process analyzers which indicate the efficiency of the treatment of the crude oil, such as salt in crude oil analyzers, tan analyzers, h2s analyzers etc. I want to know about crude oil desalting system modelling in hysys. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Is it possible to process the crude with 10 api or lower in crude column. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. The treatment of emulsified crude oils has been a problem for years in thepetroleum. After desalting and dehydration, crude is separated into fractions by distillation.
The use of acdctype electrostatic technology provides a twopronged approachbulk water is removed in a weaker ac field, and the remaining smaller water droplets are removed. Desalting of crude oil pdf download crude oil desalting process. Desalt challenging crude slates such as lowapi and conductive crude oil. The crude oil desalting process can be conducted in a single, double, or triple stage, although two stage desalting is the most common. I need iformation regarding desalting of crude oil. Alfa laval has about 100 heat exchangers installed in refinery desalting processes around the world. Poor desalting efficiency, uncontrollable emulsions, and other desalting challenges are common when processing lowerpriced opportunity crude oils. Highly efficient dehydration and desalting of crude oil. By lowering the surface tension between two fluids in the case of desalting oil and water, they are allowed to mix.